Postnatal Care (Puerperium)

The puerperium or postnatal period is the time from the delivery of the placenta until the mother’s body returns to its pre-pregnancy condition. It usually lasts for about six weeks. Proper postnatal care helps ensure the physical and emotional well-being of the mother and promotes healthy growth of the newborn.

1. Maternal Care After Childbirth

• Monitor vital signs (temperature, pulse, blood pressure) regularly.
• Observe uterine involution – the uterus should gradually shrink and become firm.
• Check lochia (vaginal discharge) for color, amount, and odor.
• Provide perineal care to prevent infection and promote healing.
• Encourage balanced diet and adequate rest for recovery.
• Watch for signs of postpartum hemorrhage, infection, or depression.

2. Breastfeeding Support

• Encourage early initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 hour after birth).
• Teach correct positioning and latch techniques.
• Promote exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months.
• Advise on maintaining breast hygiene and managing issues like engorgement or cracked nipples.
• Support the mother emotionally and physically to continue breastfeeding successfully.

3. Recovery Monitoring and Health Education

• Monitor for physical recovery (uterine tone, bladder, bowel habits).
• Assess emotional well-being and provide counseling if needed.
• Educate about family planning and spacing of pregnancies.
• Advise on light exercises to regain strength and improve circulation.
• Schedule follow-up visits to ensure proper healing and general health.

Conclusion Postnatal care is essential to safeguard the health of both the mother and newborn. It focuses on physical recovery, emotional support, breastfeeding, and early detection of complications to ensure a smooth transition to motherhood.